使用Unicorn替代Mongrel作为Ruby on Rails的服务器

船长 — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 16:54:41 +0000

先前的开发的Ruby on Rails网站使用的服务程序是Mongrel + Nginx，现在用了Rails 3，发现Mongrel对它有兼容问题，所以要换一个。虽然现在Phusion Passenger大行其道，但使用前要重新编译Nginx。为了避免重新安装nginx，我找到mongrel的替代品Unicorn。没想到unicorn的设置非常方便。我记录在这里供大家参考：

安装unicorn:
sudo gem install unicorn

创建网站配置文件(myproject是项目名称):
sudo mkdir /etc/unicorn cd /etc/unicorn/ sudo nano /etc/unicorn/myproject.conf

内容如下：
RAILS_ROOT=/www/myproject RAILS_ENV=production

在网站里再创建一个unicorn配置文件
nano /www/myproject/config/unicorn.rb

内容如下：
# Minimal sample configuration file for Unicorn (not Rack) when used # with daemonization (unicorn -D) started in your working directory. # # See http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/Configurator.html for complete # documentation. # See also http://unicorn.bogomips.org/examples/unicorn.conf.rb for # a more verbose configuration using more features.

app_path = "/www/myproject"

listen 8080 # by default Unicorn listens on port 8080 worker_processes 2 # this should be >= nr_cpus pid "#{app_path}/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid" stderr_path "#{app_path}/log/unicorn.log" stdout_path "#{app_path}/log/unicorn.log"

设置unicorn启动脚本：
sudo nano /etc/init.d/unicorn_init
脚本内容：
#!/bin/sh # # init.d script for single or multiple unicorn installations. Expects at least one .conf # file in /etc/unicorn # # Modified by jay@gooby.org http://github.com/jaygooby # based on http://gist.github.com/308216 by http://github.com/mguterl # ## A sample /etc/unicorn/my_app.conf ## ## RAILS_ENV=production ## RAILS_ROOT=/var/apps/www/my_app/current # # This configures a unicorn master for your app at /var/apps/www/my_app/current running in # production mode. It will read config/unicorn.rb for further set up. # # You should ensure different ports or sockets are set in each config/unicorn.rb if # you are running more than one master concurrently. # # If you call this script without any config parameters, it will attempt to run the # init command for all your unicorn configurations listed in /etc/unicorn/*.conf # # /etc/init.d/unicorn start # starts all unicorns # # If you specify a particular config, it will only operate on that one # # /etc/init.d/unicorn start /etc/unicorn/my_app.conf

set -e

sig () { test -s "$PID" && kill -$1 `cat "$PID"` }


oldsig () {

test -s "$OLD_PID" && kill -$1 `cat "$OLD_PID"`

}
cmd () {
case $1 in

start)

sig 0 && echo >&2 "Already running" && exit 0

echo "Starting"

$CMD

;;

stop)

sig QUIT && echo "Stopping" && exit 0

echo >&2 "Not running"

;;

force-stop)

sig TERM && echo "Forcing a stop" && exit 0

echo >&2 "Not running"

;;

restart|reload)

sig USR2 && sleep 5 && oldsig QUIT && echo "Killing old master" `cat $OLD_PID` && exit 0

echo >&2 "Couldn't reload, starting '$CMD' instead"

$CMD

;;

upgrade)

sig USR2 && echo Upgraded && exit 0

echo >&2 "Couldn't upgrade, starting '$CMD' instead"

$CMD

;;

rotate)

sig USR1 && echo rotated logs OK && exit 0

echo >&2 "Couldn't rotate logs" && exit 1

;;

*)

echo >&2 "Usage: $0 "

exit 1

;;

esac

}
setup () {
echo -n "$RAILS_ROOT: "

cd $RAILS_ROOT || exit 1

export PID=$RAILS_ROOT/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid

export OLD_PID="$PID.oldbin"
CMD="/usr/bin/unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb -E $RAILS_ENV -D"

}
start_stop () {
# either run the start/stop/reload/etc command for every config under /etc/unicorn

# or just do it for a specific one
# $1 contains the start/stop/etc command

# $2 if it exists, should be the specific config we want to act on

if [ $2 ]; then

. $2

setup

cmd $1

else

for CONFIG in /etc/unicorn/*.conf; do

# import the variables

. $CONFIG

setup
# run the start/stop/etc command

cmd $1

done

fi

}

ARGS="$1 $2" start_stop $ARGS
注意将里面的/usr/bin/unicorn_rails 换成你系统中unicorn_rails程序的实际路径。

设置unicorn_init文件属性:
sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/unicorn_init

启动unicorn:
/etc/init.d/unicorn_init

修改nginx的配置文件，加入unicorn的代理设置：
upstream myproject_mongrel { server 127.0.0.1:8080 fail_timeout=0; }
这部分跟使用mongrel的类似的。

这样unicorn的设置就完成了。刚设置好，感觉unicorn跟mongrel一样，都是比较吃内存的，一启动就占了50M. 不知道会不会也像mongrel一样把内存吃爆，会得话得设置监控软件（如god）看住它。

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使用Unicorn替代Mongrel作为Ruby on Rails的服务器